Akademik Veri Yönetim Sistemi
Journal of Energy Storage, cilt.154, 2026 (SCI-Expanded, Scopus)
A hybrid thermal conditioning strategy combining induction–liquid heating with DC excitation was investigated for rapid preheating of lithium-ion batteries at sub-zero temperatures. Experiments were performed on cylindrical 18650 NMC cells at −10 °C under a 3C discharge while induction power (100–400 W) and flow rate (0.22–0.50 l/min) were varied. Temperature rise, heating efficiency, and discharge cut-off time were monitored alongside internal heating effects to quantify thermal and electrical responses. A desirability-based multi-objective optimisation was formulated to maximize heating rate and efficiency while extending the time to voltage cut-off. Quadratic response surfaces fitted to experimental data revealed smooth trade-off frontiers between residence-time-limited convection and power-limited efficiency. The best overall operating point occurred at 0.324 l/min and 371 W conditions. Under the optimised operating conditions, the surrogate models predicted heating rates of 11.59 °C/min up to 0 °C and 10.32 °C/min up to 25 °C. These results reveal inherent trade-offs between heating rate and efficiency, as the high-power setting required for rapid heating limited the efficiency to 3.22% at 0 °C. Nonetheless, the optimisation successfully identified balanced operating points that simultaneously improved heating rate, efficiency, and stop voltage attainment time, achieving an overall thermally stable and energy-effective performance.