Akademik Veri Yönetim Sistemi
Prognostic and Diagnostic Markers in Diseases, NOVA Publications , ss.429-442, 2026
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a neurological condition that causes serious morbidity and mortality worldwide. Various imaging methods are used for the clinical diagnosis and prognosis of TBI. In addition to radiological imaging, biomarkers are also needed to understand TBI’s pathophysiological processes and predict patients’ prognoses. Recent studies have shown that various biomarkers, especially molecules in the blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), may be helpful in the early diagnosis and prognostic assessment of TBI. The main biomarkers include neuron-specific enolase (NSE), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), S100B, and tau proteins. These molecules reflect the damage and glial activation in the brain tissue, providing important information about the damage’s severity and the healing process. NSE and GFAP, in particular, are associated with the levels of TBI in the acute phase and are expected to be used in monitoring neurological recovery after injury. In addition, new biomarkers (extracellular vesicles, microRNA, etc.) that evaluate the extent of damage with different pathophysiological mechanisms in various parts of the nerve cell in the brain tissue continue to be a research subject. More prospective and multicenter studies are needed to increase the usability of biomarkers in clinical applications. In conclusion, biomarkers for TBI offer significant potential in terms of early diagnosis, prognosis assessment, and treatment monitoring. Still, more research is needed to prove the clinical validity of these biomarkers.